Comparison Of Bram Stokers Dracula And Coppola`S Dracula

Dracula, for long has been taken as a character in literature which resembles itself closely with the fear factor. The theme speaks volumes about the Draculanian culture whereby the feared perspective is made visible in the form of different sub elements as well as depictions that accompany its dissimilar and varied movements, the battle actions and so on and so forth. Dracula is indeed the end of all characters that have represented the society with regards to evil and wickedness.However it would be best to put the same in the light of the supernatural mystery that has surrounded such characters. Horror fiction, gothic novel and invasion literature have spoken volumes about this character every now and then and since this forms up as an important piece of evil regime therefore it has its own right in the present as well as past scheme of things, which is literature in this case. The key text reveals this sense of gothic implementation with line like â€Å"My friend. — Welcom e to the Carpathians. I am anxiously expecting you. Sleep well tonight.At three tomorrow the diligence will start for Bukovina; a place on it is kept for you. † (Stoker, 1) Here, the language of this note depicts a sense of mystic approach as well as almost an instruction of a treasure hunt. This is a technique that is used for developing the supernatural incidents that are going to take place later in the novel. This indirect manner of approach is nothing but the prelude to the later mystical narrations. It can also be mentioned that Dracula in Stoker’s text is always a polished and sophisticated villain in every aspect of the terms.This is because polish in appearance and sophistication in approach was highly regarded as a great virtue during the author’s era and Stoker presented his villain in the mode of the era. On the on the other hand Francis Ford Coppola’s Bram Stoker's Dracula in 1992 presents Dracula as a fire spitting monster as a vampire. It ap pears that Coppola tried to translate the gothic structure of the novel into his movie and in the process exaggerated the concept of gothic vampire and turned Dracula into a regular Hollywood monster.It is possible that the director tried to emulate the flavor of the present era where the end result counts the most. Thus Coppola’s Dracula resembles an approach that is more effective as a killer than the original character. The first dialogue in the movie by Dracula appears to be very flat in comparison to the letter mentioned earlier. â€Å"Welcome to my home. Enter freely of your own will and leave some of the happiness you bring. † (Kuehl, 1) The dialogue here is very business like and to the point.There is no mysticism involved as in the original text. The simple reason behind this is that there is a difference of more that a century between the two productions and within this time it should be mentioned that the perspective of life has changed and there is a huge d ifference of the perceptions of people of the 1897 and that with the audience of 1992. Furthermore the mediums are different too. A movie is comparatively a faster medium than a text and thus time management is necessary.As a result it is important to keep each and ever aspect concise and to the point. However, it should also be mentioned that the original flavor of the text is missing in the movie by a distance. References: Stoker, Bram; Dracula; literature. org-The Online Literature Library; 2006; retrieved on 25. 06. 2007 from http://www. literature. org/authors/stoker-bram/dracula/chapter-01. html Kuehl, BJ; Bram Stoker's Dracula; HorrorLair. com; 1992; retrieved on 25. 06. 2007 from http://www. horrorlair. com/scripts/dracula_bram_stoker. html

Business: Marketing and Subway

1. 0 ELEMENTS OF THE MARKETING MIX 1. 0. 1 PRODUCT Subway offered a menu with wide variety meal and better quality fresh product such as pasta, salad, desserts, soup, the chain's flagship sandwich which is the classic BMT, the 7 under 6 menu which featuring seven submarine sandwiches with 6 grams of fat or less, fresh veggies which already boasts lettuce, tomato, red onion and green peppers (Subway, 2012). Subway also brings in a line of new crab-controlled wraps in 2004 and the product itself has only 5grams Net Crabs.Moreover, in the year 2005, a new menu has been added to Subway’s menu that is a delicious fresh toasted sub and the menu still in consumer demand until now. 1. 0. 2 PRICING The potential element of marketing mix is the price of the company offered because it is direct impact on the company, consumer and economy as well. Subway uses a little higher of upscale pricing than normal subs in the market. Subway offers different pricing strategy with value pricing. But create value products by service in terms of quality. 1. 0. 3 PLACEThis is concerned with activities needed to move the product or service from the seller to the buyer (Lancaster & Reynolds, 2003). Subway use nontraditional places such as supermarkets, airports, convention centers and business center and also another new market development as their major selling location as a franchise. People who in any kind of Subway sales point are on hand to ensure customer’s demands are coordinated with the right product and to elucidate the distinct options are obtainable. Moreover, Subway does research for their market on the location preference and predatory franchises regarding customer satisfaction. . 0. 4 PROMOTION Advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotions are the four components of promotion. For Subway, to generate a Unique Advertising Proposition (UAP) is obligatory since the company is a part of saturated market. Subway also approach Unique Selling P reposition (USP) into their market strategy by selling subs under 6g of fat. By create a selling proposition that connected with the advertising message with the product, it will engender an advantage in competition. Moreover, it is the goal to create a one-of-the-kind advertising . 0 ELEMENTS OF THE MARKETING MIX 1. 0. 1 PRODUCT Subway offered a menu with wide variety meal and better quality fresh product such as pasta, salad, desserts, soup, the chain's flagship sandwich which is the classic BMT, the 7 under 6 menu which featuring seven submarine sandwiches with 6 grams of fat or less, fresh veggies which already boasts lettuce, tomato, red onion and green peppers (Subway, 2012). Subway also brings in a line of new crab-controlled wraps in 2004 and the product itself has only 5grams Net Crabs.Moreover, in the year 2005, a new menu has been added to Subway’s menu that is a delicious fresh toasted sub and the menu still in consumer demand until now. 1. 0. 2 PRICING The potent ial element of marketing mix is the price of the company offered because it is direct impact on the company, consumer and economy as well. Subway uses a little higher of upscale pricing than normal subs in the market. Subway offers different pricing strategy with value pricing. But create value products by service in terms of quality. 1. 0. 3 PLACEThis is concerned with activities needed to move the product or service from the seller to the buyer (Lancaster & Reynolds, 2003). Subway use nontraditional places such as supermarkets, airports, convention centers and business center and also another new market development as their major selling location as a franchise. People who in any kind of Subway sales point are on hand to ensure customer’s demands are coordinated with the right product and to elucidate the distinct options are obtainable. Moreover, Subway does research for their market on the location preference nd predatory franchises regarding customer satisfaction. 1. 0. 4 PROMOTION Advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotions are the four components of promotion. For Subway, to generate a Unique Advertising Proposition (UAP) is obligatory since the company is a part of saturated market. Subway also approach Unique Selling Preposition (USP) into their market strategy by selling subs under 6g of fat. By create a selling proposition that connected with the advertising message with the product, it will engender an advantage in competition.Moreover, it is the goal to create a one-of-the-kind advertising 1. 0 ELEMENTS OF THE MARKETING MIX 1. 0. 1 PRODUCT Subway offered a menu with wide variety meal and better quality fresh product such as pasta, salad, desserts, soup, the chain's flagship sandwich which is the classic BMT, the 7 under 6 menu which featuring seven submarine sandwiches with 6 grams of fat or less, fresh veggies which already boasts lettuce, tomato, red onion and green peppers (Subway, 2012). Subway also brings in a line of new crab-controlled wraps in 2004 and the product itself has only 5grams Net Crabs.Moreover, in the year 2005, a new menu has been added to Subway’s menu that is a delicious fresh toasted sub and the menu still in consumer demand until now. 1. 0. 2 PRICING The potential element of marketing mix is the price of the company offered because it is direct impact on the company, consumer and economy as well. Subway uses a little higher of upscale pricing than normal subs in the market. Subway offers different pricing strategy with value pricing. But create value products by service in terms of quality. 1. 0. 3 PLACEThis is concerned with activities needed to move the product or service from the seller to the buyer (Lancaster & Reynolds, 2003). Subway use nontraditional places such as supermarkets, airports, convention centers and business center and also another new market development as their major selling location as a franchise. People who in any kind of Subway sales poi nt are on hand to ensure customer’s demands are coordinated with the right product and to elucidate the distinct options are obtainable. Moreover, Subway does research for their market on the location preference and predatory franchises regarding customer satisfaction. . 0. 4 PROMOTION Advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotions are the four components of promotion. For Subway, to generate a Unique Advertising Proposition (UAP) is obligatory since the company is a part of saturated market. Subway also approach Unique Selling Preposition (USP) into their market strategy by selling subs under 6g of fat. By create a selling proposition that connected with the advertising message with the product, it will engender an advantage in competition. Moreover, it is the goal to create a one-of-the-kind advertising

Statement of Ethics Issue

Oct 20 2012 Oct 20 2012 ACCT 3121 Instructor: Ms. Julie Chenier ACCT 3121 Instructor: Ms. Julie Chenier | Written Assignment| | Student: Yichen Chen| | Written Assignment| | Student: Yichen Chen| To: Manufacturing Manager From: Becky Knauer Date: Oct 20 2012 Subject: Action of Ethnic Issue for Mueller Imports Dear Officer, My name is Becky Knauer, the new controller in Mueller Imports. Being selected as an experienced automotive professional to join such a huge management team, I aim at using my objective view and competency in addition to all available sources to best assist the organization.Recently, while managing the financial statement, I realized there are several transactions that are susceptible for ethical issue. A $5000 monthly invoice billed from the jeweler was personally approved as â€Å"selling expense† by the company’s owner Frank Mueller. My investigation exposes that the red flag involves significant fraud: 1. The periodic watch offering to regional sa les managers and other sales exclusives indicates the bribery. By receiving expensive rewards from Mr.Mueller, sales exclusives give biased car distribution to dealers. 2. The invoice billed by a local jeweler reveals the probability of collusion. Because the watch seller does not bill the transaction as a regular sale but explained it as a â€Å"miscellaneous service†, the jeweler has the high incentive to set the underground agreement with Frank Mueller. I suspect the indirect service charge conceals this fact. 3. The false financial statements presented by Mr.Mueller reveal the misrepresentation. Mueller’s action violates the policy of segregation of duties by overriding his right to authorize the controllable cost. His statement of this expenditure â€Å"selling expense† overstates the expense and understates the net income as well. He indirectly gains comparative advantages from the transaction called into question. Frankly, in the supply shortage market, t he substantial sale and high profit goal are pushing the upper level management into a dilemma.It seems that the fraud is initiated by the owner Frank Mueller, regional sales managers, and other involved exclusives, trying to gain personal interests by committing the fraud. Even though the outstanding sales can bring in large profits for Mueller Imports in the short term, the significant performance will be reevaluated and disclosed to the public. Consequently, all individuals within the organization and third parties committing to fraud will receive their deserved penalties.In addition, if Mueller Imports announces bankruptcy, employees who are innocent from the fraudulent activities will also suffer unemployment. According to Tom York (Segregation of Duties, 22), engaging in corrupt practices creates a very unfavorable business environment by encouraging unfair advantage and anti-competitive practices. As a controller within the company, I have the right to establish the monitorin g plans for internal controls to ensure that funds are expended and recorded appropriately on the financial report (Controller Job Description, 10).Referring to the IMA’s Statement of Ethical Professional Practice, the issue should be discussed with the higher level of supervisor or management who is not involved in the issue. Since the fraud is committed by the the top level of the organization, it is inappropriate to submit the issue to any level within the organization. However, it is impractical to hands-off because the activity of committing to the fraud which violate the code of ethnic. If I do nothing, I will be drawn into the concealment of fact as well.As far as I am concerned, it is not wise to fight the unethical issue with the upper level management, nor do I want to build a hostile relationship with the people of Mueller Imports. The most viable actions are: 1. Gather enough potential fraudulent statements, 2. Take an investigation of sale managers’ life a ctivities 3. Carefully evaluate the control system. After gathering substantial evidence, I would like to initiate a confidential discussion with you as well as the IMA ethnic advisors.In accordance with code of ethics (IMA Statement of Ethical professional Practice, Page 1), I will provide objective information and concerns to the appropriate business associates in the confidential manner. Following the guidance of the code of ethics, I want to utilize my professional skills supported by the appropriate authority to address the issue. Your responses and concerns will be very important to deal with the issue. I hope it can be solved in a professional manner resulting the in the car market returning to a fair and healthy state in the long run.I am looking forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Becky Knauer Work Cited: Controller / Business Manager Job Description The Association for Accountant and Financial Professionals in Business, IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice, York, Tom, Segregation of Duties, UNC Charlotte,

Self leadership development paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self leadership development paper - Essay Example I think your key strengths is being hardworking and God fearing. Since I knew you when you were attached to our company, you always worked hard and demonstrated good morals and ethics. Although you are quite ambitious, I think you can do better if you consider wise counsel from your elders. As my favorite classmate, I think your best strengths are being confident in what you do, courageous and easy to approach. However, I think you should work on your ambitions if you want to move in pace with other people. You are an aspiring leader in the way you talk to people. I think your best strength is in ability to see into the future and carry on with different aspects of life. You managed to help our sick friend, study for your exams, help your parents with their business, and still have time for friends. But if you push too much, you might burn out. Your best strength is your organizational skills. You were able to organize our estate badminton team for your entire team. Your weakness is that sometimes you may fail to incorporate other peoples’ ideas in teamwork decisions. Loving and approachable- I think this is the strongest trait that I possess. My mantra in life is and has always been that â€Å"Love and compassion are my life statements, and which are the highest forms of intelligence.† This is why all my interactions in life are full of tenderness. I believe that every human being has feeling and emotions, and that a change in my mood can have great effects on, and probably spoil someone’s day. Moral compass- When my friends wrote that I have good organizational skills, most, if not all who mentioned this trait gave an explanation that I always try to justify my responses and actions in a manner that shows moral uprightness. Being a loving individual, I try to make people around me happy and comfortable. I tend to partake of only things that I consider permissible, and

Demand Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Demand Management - Research Paper Example This is because with a good demand and supply matching, companies benefit in several aspects of their corporate management including logistics, stocking, manufacturing and even retailing (Lapide, 2006). Because demand and supply trends keeps changing by the day, companies are obliged to have a stronger mechanism that can serve as a yardstick for getting accurate predictions for trends and hence forecasting. Demand Forecasting for Manufacturing Enterprise Manufacturing enterprises have been identified as one outfit that has so much potential when it comes to the appropriate use of demand forecasting to ensure projection of business goals. The most underlying effect or reason behind the meriting use of demand forecasting in manufacturing is the fact that competitive pressures that manufacturers receive often makes it impossible for these manufacturers to wait for demand to emerge before they can behind taking the necessary steps towards meeting these demands (Greene, 2003). In effect, The Material Requirements Planning (MRP) technique of demand forecast has been appropriate for the purpose of "make to stock" strategy rather than "make to order" strategy so as to ensure that they are able to deploy inventories of manufactured products into field locations (Caplice, 2003). Consequently, the situation whereby orders made by customers are delayed becomes a thing of the past in utilizing accurate demand forecasting. There are a number factors and conditions that may make forecasting inappropriate for a manufacturing enterprise. One of these has been identified to be bias in demand forecasting when using independent demand. Caplice (?2003) has explained that bias is a form of inaccuracy in demand forecasting, leading to a situation where forecasting do not become appropriate for manufacturing planning and decision making. Generally, Caplice (2003) believes that â€Å"bias is the persistent tendency of the forecast to err in the same direction, that is, to consistently over-predict or under-predict demand.† The reason this phenomenon makes forecasting inappropriate is that it leads to a situation where there is always a self-centered judgmental approach to manufacturing decisions inside of an evidence based approach to decision making (Lapide, 2006). Consequently, when bias comes, it gives an indication that the demand data has been wrongly used. This is because bias is a representation of total pattern of error instead of the existence of just a series of errors. Making manufacturing decisions would thus mean that there is going to be either excesses or shortages, depending on the trend of bias. Demand Forecasting for Service Provider There are several works of literature that looks into different methods or techniques of forecasting, appropriate and inappropriate for service providers. Generally, the use of subjective approach or technique to forecasting has been explained as a very viable approach of demand forecasting that works best to the interest of service providers. Generally, a subjective approach to forecasting may be explained as one that makes use of qualitative procedures based by the opinions of people to undertake demand forecasting (Taylor, 2006). Ideally, this approach to forecasting is said to be appropriate and suitable for service providers because of the nature of business that these people are involved in. unlike manufacturers who deal with quantities of goods or

Effect of Length on the Survival Rate of Woodlice Essay

Effect of Length on the Survival Rate of Woodlice - Essay Example Conspicuous variation existed in some of the traits such as weight and sprint time. The length of the woodlice was slightly similar but within the required range, the dorsal plate number was same among the woodlice. With regards to the experiment, the length was chosen as the preferred variable. The length of these woodlice was related with sprint time in the presence of spider as the predator (forceps were used as simulator). The aim was to see how the change of length can affect the survival of these woodlice and in biological perspective when related to evolution for example, the length varied or changed in order for these woodlice to be able to evade there predators. The design of this experiment was to see how the woodlice with different lengths could respond to the spider which was the predator. The experiment hypothesis was, the higher the woodlouse length the higher the possibility that it will die. Hence the null hypothesis was, woodlice are not able to respond to predators. Method In the experiment, the basis on how to control a woodlice population was fundamental. With regards to this, forty woodlice were put on a tray with soil. Then the spider as the predator was included on the tray. The forceps were used to simulate the spider. After all these were set, it was left for some time to enable the woodlice to interact with the spiders. Later after sometime, observations were made on the tray; the number of dead and survived woodlice was recorded with their corresponding length. Woodlice were first killed in order to obtain their length. 20 individuals of the woodlice population were measured without performing any replications, and were taken as an experimental control. The other 20 was measured as well. Basically, these processes... In the experiment, the basis on how to control a woodlice population was fundamental. With regards to this, forty woodlice were put on a tray with soil. Then the spider as the predator was included on the tray. The forceps were used to simulate the spider. After all these were set, it was left for some time to enable the woodlice to interact with the spiders. Later after sometime, observations were made on the tray; the number of dead and survived woodlice was recorded with their corresponding length. Woodlice were first killed in order to obtain their length. 20 individuals of the woodlice population were measured without performing any replications, and were taken as an experimental control. The other 20 was measured as well. Basically, these processes were done in order to ascertain whether the length has a significant effect to the survival. The experiment was ran alongside the control, whereby the forceps were used as a simulator to the spider. The control results indicated free ly that almost 100% of the woodlice never died. Therefore the experiment was valid at 95% confident. ResultsBasing on the 20 samples selected randomly from the population, the average values of the four traits was calculated and recorded as shown in the table 1.The standard deviation which indicated the amount of variation among the proportions was also calculated. Besides standard error was as well calculated to determine the accuracy related to average values that represent the whole population.

Planning Activity Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Planning Activity - Research Proposal Example I have engineers, technicians, chemists, supervisors and laborers working under me. My task is to approve of the right formula for each thing produced to start with. I instruct the engineers taking care of boiler and freezer maintenance to variously monitor the atmosphere for each production function. The supervisors and foremen report faults, if any to me. Since this factory runs each day of the year the inventory also has to be procured and maintained in a safe and proper condition. The perishable goods produced are to be stored in hygienic conditions under the right temperature. Task 3 is the most important because faulty raw materials in turn produce low quality products. The freshness, durability, microbial content, right amount of lipids and other contents of raw milk decide the right taste that will be derived from the end produce. Task 4 becomes easy once proper planning has been done beforehand. It requires a lot more teamwork with the technicians and engineers involved. The maintenance of machinery on a regular basis is of utmost importance as even a small hitch can affect the entire process. Task 5 is very important as the end product consumed by consumers of all age groups needs to be of excellent quality. Quality can never be compromised especially in the case of perishable goods. The shelf life of milk, butter and cheese is printed on the packs to intimate the users of safe usage. Complaints if any, received are seriously considered and errors eliminated. Task 6 is an easy one but also involves answering to the top management on the production done daily/weekly or monthly. KSAO for this job: Knowledge needed is of a highly technical nature. The management of all the functions requires a fair degree of familiarity with business concepts. Skills required are a combination of food processing know how and people, inventory and machine management, Abilities needed include proficiency with the entire gamut of production functions starting from inventory to designing to basic engineering and Other characteristics: The other characteristics needed for the job of a production manager are people management skills in such a way that there is proper communication between various departments involved. There is always the necessity for willingness to learn, to improve and develop products to suit the current trends APPENDIX B: CONTEXT OF JOB PERFORMANCE: The job is on a daily basis and performed as a second line managerial job and is directly under the management head. The context of performance of this job is daily monitoring of an

Building Competencies in Comminity Youth Worker Essay

Building Competencies in Comminity Youth Worker - Essay Example Growing realization among the public at large about the need to delve deep into the lives of our young adults, finding the cause of the growing frustration, led them to believe the lack of sufficient support system in the form of positive relationships and lack of proper opportunities for self enhancement were at the root cause of the present scenario. Moreover, as in the language of Pittman K & Ferber T in Unfinished business: Future Reflections on a Decade of Promoting Youth Development "problem-free is not fully prepared", an effective Program for Youth Development requires opportunities and environment to be given to young adolescents to build and develop their personal and social assets that will prepare them for a healthy and productive adulthood. In spite of the presence of a number of talented youth workers, the agencies working in this field face the obstacle of the unmet need of a stable and well-trained work force that has knowledge and competence of addressing the myriad challenges facing both urban and rural youth. Moreover, their working climate is not tempting enough to attract more and more youth workers in this field. Being comparatively younger, it has yet to attain the status of a recognized and professional field. Lack of funds provided for these programs deter the organizations to make long term recruitments required for the success of these programs. In this background, it is important to know as to which skills are required by a youth worker working in such organizations that help them develop and maintain effective relationships with youth and their families and thus reducing problems in their lives and ensuring an environment congenial to their healthy development. Building caring relationships with children and youth requires active listening and a variety of communication strategies. As public educators and practitioners of youth development, the community youth worker must possess several internal and external competencies and skill in order to deliver an effective program capable of reducing problems in the life of our young adolescents and give them an environment congenial to their thriving. As a strong family support system is the most important requirement for a child to thrive, an ideal community youth worker is expected to bring it into the life of young adolescent by working as a bridge to bring the families together. He can interact with the parents and can make them realize the type of problems an adolescent has to undergo trying to find his identity in the outside world, which are further augmented if he belongs to a migrated community and at the same time can make the adolescent realize what their parents have to undergo with their beliefs in traditions of the community. Thus, on the one hand, he has to be human and sensitive to the needs of diverse people and on the other hand should be conversant with the various stages of the development of a child. Changing demographics of the American society requires its community youth w

Kingdom of Heaven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kingdom of Heaven - Essay Example Several skirmish between Muslim and Christian forces occur, like when Guy and Raynald kill everyone on a Muslim caravan. Saladin, the Muslim leader, retaliates. Balian is captured, then freed by the servant he had turned loose. The Muslims and Christians reach a tentative truce. The Christians murder Saladins sister, causing Saladin to siege Jerusalem. Balian leads the defense, but has to surrender. Saladin allows them free passage back to their countries. When King Richard I ask Balian to crusade with him, Balian refuses. At the end, subtitles explain King Richard I failed, and fighting for Jerusalem continued over the centuries, even today. The film states â€Å"Peace in the Kingdom of Heaven remains elusive" (Kingdom of Heaven). There was not too much spiritual content in this movie. Balian wanted to go the crusade to gain redemption for him and his wife. This is a Christian trait. Repentance, penance, and forgiveness is a Christian concept. So his motives for going on the crusades were religious. Most of the Christians in the movie have no religion, or were hostile to religion. Good and bad Christians were portrayed in this movie. Good Christians like Balian left the Muslims in peace, but bad Christians wanted to kill all Muslims. A Christian crusader is someone who was planning to go there and come back. Crusaders were alright with individual Muslims, but a Muslim state would have been unacceptable. They would have wanted to conquer the Holy Land for Christians. There were no churches in this movie, save for in the knighting scene. That was odd, because in the Middle Ages religion and churches were very important to Muslims, Jews, and Christians. There was crosses, but no crucifixes. The closest religious symbols were during the knighting ceremony where Balians father gives his oath, and Balian is knighted. During his knighting ceremony Balians father gives him his oath. Behind him there is an

Research Methods Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Methods - Annotated Bibliography Example The article is helpful in providing my quest with information on the methods the IT sector relies on and uses as well as the challenges involved. Klein’s publication concentrates on the evaluative research that is done in the IS field. Klein uses the publication a platform to explain some of the needs that are met by conducting research in the information System field and discusses some of the regulations to go by in interpreting the collected information. This article provides the research filed with some of the varying principles that are used in the field in the interpretation of research, in data analysis. Tao, Clark, Gwyn and Lim article is based on the introduction of clickers in technology. The authors discuss the implementation of clickers in various social settings and the resultant effect the clickers had in qualitative analysis. The publication is a representation of how the research methods are implemented in different fields of the human world. In this case, the publication provides resources on what impact of technology has in the field of technology as well as interacting with the real world. Morse, J. M., Barrett, M., Mayan, M., Olson, K., & Spiers, J. Verification Strategies for Establishing Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 1.2(2) (2002). Pdf. The authors in this case discuss some of the challenges that the research field faces. Research and data resulting from the activity is often scrutinized, but this article discusses the various ways in which interpretation of the data collected is done to establish the viability of the process and justify its conduct. The article is a base by which the research field shows susceptibility to flaws. Glass and DeMarco use this chapter to discuss the reasoning between the quantitative and qualitative research

Training and Development in Proctor & Gamble Assignment

Training and Development in Proctor & Gamble - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that performance management theories will be used to create a theoretical background for this report.This study outlines that  training and development plays cordial role on aligning strategic objectives of management with human resource pool of organization. There are four basic pillars of training & development and they can be summarized in the following manner. Training- Increasing the performance standard of employees by giving them proper instruction and practice. Develop- This technique creates bigger impact on human resource pool and systematically increases their skill level to perform the work. Educate- Giving instruction to employees in terms of social, intellectual and moral responsibility.  Learn- Employees gain knowledge from their past mistake or they can get experience from ongoing management activity. In 1984, Farnham has indicated that training and development are more relevant to organization’s point of view but education and learning are more relevant to education and academic industry.  Performance management has three discrete components, 1- performance definition, 2- measurement of performance and 3- communication between supervisor and employees.  They have stated that performance appraisal is more closely related to second component of performance management.  Nature of the strategy depends on business objectives of the organization.... In 1989, Harrison defined development as primary activity helping employees and organization to grow in terms of achieving potential up to highest standard (Lundy & Cowling, 1996, p. 243). 2.0 Performance Management Performance management has three discrete components, 1- performance definition, 2- measurement of performance and 3- communication between supervisor and employees. In 1999, Banks & May have clearly segregated performance management from performance appraisal. They have stated that performance appraisal is more closely related to second component of performance management (Landy & Conte, 2009, p. 234). In 1992, Institute of Personnel Management has defined performance management as strategy related to every functional department of organization and designed to co relate with various aspects of organization like culture, style, human resource capital and communication system. Nature of the strategy depends on business objectives of the organization (Armstrong & Baron, 200 5, P.7). One of the fundamental tasks of the performance management department is to look after the performance of employees. Furthermore it ensures effective and efficient performance from the employees. Some of the modern techniques include feedbacks from the supervisors and subordinates, setting benchmarks and comparing with that, 360 degree appraisal method and most importantly applying the concept of Balance scorecard. Balance scorecard gives importance on maintaining coordination between various departments of large organizational structure. Interlinked network of the departments help management to implement balance scorecard concept in two ways. 1- It helps every employee to understand organizational objectives and

A sociological perspective Essay Example for Free

A sociological perspective Essay The term inner city life refers to the system of life of those people, who are underclass, cut off from the regular city life. Yet the elemental building blocks of their lives-work, family, community all exists, however in corrupted forms. A sociological perspective: Inner city residents are underpaid socially disorganised, where no one trusts the other and each has to struggle for existence in highly unfavourable conditions. The most precise way to explain inner city life in sociological terms is to consider 1. Criminality: The absence of proper means of existence leads to the demolition of the laws of the community and every member lives by preying on his fellow citizens. 2. Illegality: Due to the absence of proper family values, and absence of fathers in many cases, the young ones tend to grow up devoid of any values and ethics, unready to take the responsibilities of life and family which they have to undertake at a young age. In other words, they are improperly socialised. Moreover, financial, emotional and intellectual deficits aggravate the situation. 3. Schooling: A teacher has a significant contribution is shaping the lives of children. However teachers in inner city life differ from that of the city teachers on various grounds, teaching experience, certification and involvement with the students. In the inner cities there is a dearth of teachers leading to the appointment of less qualified teachers. The more a teacher spends time with her students, the more are they motivated to come up in life? Not only that, proper cooperation of the teachers help children gain confidence, getting a better idea about life. However, lack of cooperation from the teachers leads to a sense of helplessness among the students and leads them to question their own capabilities. 4. Community influence: apart from school, the time a child spends in his community also shapes his personality. Increased prevalence of poverty, exposure to violence and absence of parents at home leads a child to spend most of his after school time in his community. Absence of structured programs or opportunities is reasons enough for the children to go astray. For example, a black family living in a white dominated area has to face sneers and remarks against their race, which has a negative impact on the children. An economic perspective: The most important reasons which effect youths in inner city are: 1. Lower socio economic status: social disadvantage is associated with increased stress among adults throughout the socioeconomic gradient. One of the foremost reasons for this is the stressful working conditions of the youth. Most of the times, they are made to work under extreme conditions. They are made to do menial jobs and are highly underpaid. Most of the times they are unable to provide for themselves the bare necessities of life. Indulging in criminal activities thus becomes an obvious option. 2. Poverty: this is one condition of existence which hampers their growth. Living in poverty can lead to a deficiency in food, clothing, shelter which all people need to fulfil their growth needs. Poverty is the main source of stress, strain, anxiety and frustration among children which need to be overcome. In absence of the basic needs of existence, children often tend to move towards criminal activities. A psychological perspective: Social disadvantage is related to increased stress among inner city circles. One explanation for this is that as one goes down the socioeconomic order, they have fewer psychological resources to meet this stress because of such challenging circumstances. Because these are abilities and resources those individuals draw upon while stressed, to withstand the threats from the environment. According to Gallo and Mathews, the relative lack of resources is mainly due to depletion, with lack of replenishment of the existing resources and also due to a continuous interruption in the process of development. Economic instability, racism, adequate coping methods, negatively affects the psychology of the people mainly the youth. This is actually the critical period of development in which definite behavioural and psychological patterns are formed which exists throughout. This is termed as â€Å"reserve capacity† â€Å"Psychological† and â€Å"Environmental† perspectives are the two main categories in this field. The first emphasises on objective events and conditions, associated with effective adaptive demands, while the latter focuses on individuals’ subjective evaluation of oneself and one’s abilities to cope with the demands. It stresses that â€Å"stressors† are environmental events or conditions that impose stress on individuals and â€Å"stress† is a person’s appraisal to these conditions as taxing or threatening to their psychological makeup. Among the youth, this stress is subject to their level of optimism, adequacy of coping styles, personality traits and other factors.

Evaluation For Operations Management Of Hard Rock Cafe Marketing Essay

Evaluation For Operations Management Of Hard Rock Cafe Marketing Essay Hard Rock is one of the most globally trademarks in the world with 40 years history . At the beginning, it was a small cafà © located in London. What have made Hard Rock to be success, and their business cover all the world consisting of 169 venues in more than 50 countries.Hard Rock has become a truly phenomenon. We could evaluate how Hard Rock Cafe achieved that phenomenon in many points of view .One of these is operation management strategy of Hard Rock .Now we study and analyse the strategy to manage its operation.   Ã‚  1. Location selection With the first place in London, Hard Rock expands its cafes to major big destination cities on the world where there are huge population and tourist. Mr Oliver Munday, Hard Rocks vice president is heavily looking into global expansion in Europe, Latin American and Asia He said that Weve got to look at political risk, currency, and social norm-how does our brand fit into the country   [i]  . Therefore, the new choice for Hard Rock Cafe is to locate in other cities, they focus on the tremendous resurgence of the central of the city where nightlife is concentrated like Bang Coc, Ho Chi Minhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. which are not rush tourist cities in order to less depend on such a fragile business. For the good position to be chose, markets research is deeply surveyed and analyzed base on Hard Rocks Standard market report. The analysis is based on these following fundamental elements including demographics, visitor market trend, transportations, restaurants and nightclubs, risk of politics, real estate market and comparable market, t. This serious quantitative market research supports Hard Rock Cafe to make right decisions for its business. Moreover, the success of every cafe in each location is also contributing the useful information for Hard Rock cafà © to expand these other one and also to improve their efficiency of the whole chains success. Hard Rock now aims to the area of Europe, Latin America and Asia. Not all cities selected Hard Rock cafà © operated by itself but choose to franchise because of risks, economic challenges such as culture, inflation, exchange rate, may affect its operating. Hard Rock chose to expand its chain to 2 big and busy cities (Bogota and Moscow) in nightlife , but they had both franchise to local partners there. Other Hard Rock Cafes in other place like Honolulu, Dubai .. will be opening soon. 2. Goods and service design: With the name of Hard Rock Cafà © we can image the a typical their service with an electronic guitar and a simple logo, Hard Rock Cafe impress all people entering its places the environment full of rock music which We cant see in any other kind of Cafà © or pubs and bars. Hard Rock Cafe not only serves its clients food, rock enthusiasm but also the special type of enjoying .. Environment is also very typical way of Hard Rock Cafà ©. It is easy to recognize from its outside or inside even other advertising that make its client remember Hard rock cafà ©. Food and drinking do not mean that they are not taken into consideration, courses in Hard Rocks menu are modified, upgraded and concentrated to fit client where it located For example, Thai Snack Combo is added into Hard Rock Cafe Bangkok. Regardless of age, class or gender, Hard Rock Cafe slogan Love all Serve all has been going together with its development throughout the years. All people putting their steps into Hard Rocks door feel that they are always welcome by an enthusiastic attitude, good quality of service.       3. Quality As other business, Hard Rock cafà ©s quality is one of the most important factor during their operating. Keeping food, drinking and service quality ( employees behavior à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) as well as music, environment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is carried out regularly and it is required to get the highest assessment from customers. Improving quality at the cafe is always ensured and achieved their quality in the highest scale basing on the customer evaluation. Besides that, Hard Rock Cafe always update by time the music as well as change menus, environment, layouts, memorabilia, services and strategy to improve quality and adapt with the demand as its clients responses.    4. Process and capacity design. Hard Rock is a very big chain of cafes which provides 100,000 meals per day only referring within the U.S. (3,500 at Orlandos Universal Studios), therefore it has to consider very carefully and carry out effectively. Non-current asset is always well managed and renewed. Labor, materials, inventory, other current asset, scheduling are all elements related, which are described with more details in the following decisions. It depends on the location and culture where Hard Rock cafà © is located, but the design of capacity and its process must follow standards of Hard Rock cafà ©. 5. Layout design Layout is the most key factor to make decisions in the long-term operation of Hard Rock cafà ©. It depends on the scales which follow the market demand or the social norms in different areas. Cafà © module is differently designed in each city, such as Hard Rock Cafe in Las Vegas is decorated by a huge, outstanding guitar in front of the building and most of the seats are organized in a large space for outside view while the cafe in Ho Chi Minh is designed according to a little eastern style with ceiling lights and chairs. Hard Rock cafà © design is considered whether they must lease in a long term, the structure of construction should be set up or remodeled for its operation smoothly and efficiently. Its places do not show the same module design of Hard Rock Cafà ©s chain.    6. Human resources and job design Good human resource strategies are expensive, difficult to achieve, and hard to sustain, like other many organizations, Hard Rock cafà © concentrate to build the human resource strategy. The purpose of human resource is that how employees contribute to firm and set up a reasonable quality of work life. Service industry is a industry employing around 75% of the people in the U.S, and Hard Rock have had huge network which creates a lot of jobs for people in the area it stands. All staff of Hard Rock Cafe must be required to have not only job skills, job description but also passion of rock music as well as to engage their personalities. Before working for Hard Rock Cafe, they are trained by Hard Rock cafà © and received a Hard Rock value card. Hard Rock employees will be proud to joint in a unique working environment and culture which appreciates the substantial diversity and individuality, personal and professional manner. Hard Rock has their promotion policies as well to encourage their employees loyalty, 60% managers of Hard Rock Cafe are promoted from their worker. Managers performance is evaluated by a target, and they will receive bonus when exceeding the target. It encourages all managers of Hard Rock Cafe to become better not only depend on the available data, but also they have to forecast other impacts and effects on sales then set up these countermeasure to improve or prevent for their operating . All of above human resource policy always helps Hard Rock take a competitive advantage, increase more revenues and saving costs for their success.    7. Supply-chain management Outsourcing is a creative management strategy that is popular method that a big-scale company, like Hard Rock, using for its supply-chain management to improve efficiency working such as capital, inventory management and operating margins. Qualified suppliers or vendors are chosen and controlled to ensure enough, fresh and quality meals. Risk of outsourcing is considered carefully for Hard Rock cafà © operation Hard Rock cafà © also manage the supply-chain risk by Hard Rock cafà © is reducing environment ( political) risk by franchising and licensing, rather than owning, when the political barriers seem significant  [ii]  Hard Rock cafà © in 2003 had the successful engagement of Avicon architects of the new supply chain and provided expertise in logistics for Hard Rock.    8. Inventory All company must establish system for managing inventory. Costs and expenditure can be substantial to store and move inventory. The way to manage inventory by ABC analysis, record accuracyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ make Just-in-Time inventory control, can save costs and let products and services to customers more quickly. The best management of supply-chain support Hard Rock to keep a safe and effective inventory. Foods and drinking need to be fresh and provided on time. Also Hard Rock cafà © manage inventory base on the market demand to avoid long-term stock. A huge valued memorabilia are controlled by locations and catalogues and are renewed every few years.    9. Scheduling Types of scheduling decisions depend on type of company and its operating. Hard Rock Cafe applies shot-term forecasting scheduling to their services. It can be based on the real daily activities and data from whole restaurants in right Hard Rock chain. Every manager of each cafe set up its database to prepare the daily forecast which is recorded daily working. Next other factors, like upcoming events, major conventions, concerts, etc. are referred to. And then hourly sales are examined and Hard Rock is possible to calculate the time for rush or low hours in order to allocate suitable jobs for all employees.. This way of above managing schedule support Hard Rock Cafe managers Who can predict the volume of people, theirs feeling may get in and enjoy in its restaurants and prepare a right human, foods and services to serve Hard Rocks people with the way, Just-In-Time to save the costs.   10. Maintenance Maintenance is the way to keep quality that is the key to success in all industry sectors. Hard Rock Cafà © use preventive maintenance for inspection and serving to keep their facilities in good condition. They also adjusted its menus and music time by time, it depend on locations, basing on the survey done. All kitchens, bar, restaurants or other equipments are maintained regularly under supervising. In order to strengthen the brand name, Hard Rock Cafe creates its own website: www.hardrock.com and maintain a cable television program weekly on VH-1. Task 2: In the light of the above, discuss the operations management challenges and opportunities for Hard Rock when considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi. Hard Rock Cafe just established in Ho Chi Minh city. When expanding business into Hanoi, Hard Rock needs to survey the Hanoi market.Hard Rocks Standard market report following conditions: A- Demographics As Hard Rocks focus, Hanoi is the city center and have the nightlife with many small satellite cities to be built around like Ha Dong, Trung hoa Nhan chinh, Bac Thang long. Total is over 6,000,000 people (See table 2 below) with rapid urbanization , so tendency of population will surely increase in near future. Hard Rock may have is more and more people (Foreigner and Vietnamese) in Hanoi love Rock Roll music in Hanoi. And Hanoi is a choosier market for all cultural activities than Ho Chi Minh, it has quite loyal audiences if Hard Rock cafà © can convince them by the unique culture, interesting activities. Moreover, the cheap labor is an important advantage that affects to its cost and particular the companys human resources strategy (See table1 below). Beside that the economic indicator of Hanoi and Hanoi area is attractive for all business sector(See table 1 below) Table 1 (Economic index of Hanoi) Content 2009 2010 2011 ( forecast) GDP per capita (UD$) 1710 1900 2120 GDP growth rate (%) 6.70% 11% 11.50% CPI 8.22% 9.56% 10% Exchange rate (VND/US$) 17500 19500 21000 Source: VnEconomic-December 2010  [iii]   B-Visitor market and market trend Hanoi have Tourists and business visitor growth rate increasing with 20,5% for foreigner ( 1.227 million people) and 10% for Vietnamese(7.392 million people) in the year 2010. Total revenue in tourist industry increased 26.9% in Hanoi -Report of Hanoi general statistic offices data December 2010(See table 2 below) Table 2 (Population and tourist of Hanoi Content 2009 2010 2011 ( forecast) Population (1000) 6480 6617 6750 Population growth rate (%) 2% 2.10% 2% Tourist Foreigner (1000) 1080 1227 1472 Foreigner growth rate(%) 11% 20.50% 20% Local tourist (1000) 6720 7392 8130 Local tourist growth rate (%) 5% 10% 10% Source: Report of Hanoi general statistic offices data December 2010.  [iv]   As above data, Hanoi market of population and visitors is potential market for all kind of business, especially for service industry C-Transportation Because Both population and tourist/ visitor have been increasing, so the trend of infrastructure suck as Hotel, Convention center, Entertainment service place .. to be increased . Transportation is concentrated priority, Phase two of Noibai airport is going to start within 2011 with ODA fund from Japan. Four lines subway are studying to build soon and some bridges have been built crossing Red river. Also Hanoi have expanded the wide of many road and built the new road with high standard from Northern part to southern part, from eastern part to western part, they try to connecting center Hanoi to the rest of Hanoi by road, subway, railà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ D-Restaurants and nightclubs Right location is a very important element for Hard Rock cafe to be successful in Hanoi, where is the most tourist to stay and also there are many restaurants and nightclubs located, that is HoanKiem district in the center Hanoi which is called tourist town. But the lease cost for a centre position is too high and most of them are dominated by both foreign and local cafe brands, consist of Highland, Trung Nguyen with trademark G7à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. There are also many potential competitors such as Coffee Bean and other foreign brands who really want to enter Hanoi markets as well like Gloria Jeans Coffee, etc. E-Political risk Besides, Vietnam is evaluated one of the most stably politic regimes. This situation allows Hard Rock cafà © to feel safe to invest the business in Hanoi. Vietnam government established a system of open policies, encouraging foreign investors to invest by foreign country investment law, develop Vietnam country and create jobs for local people. However, many environment challenges that Hard Rock Cafe has to consider before entering in Hanoi. Hanoian has the way to drink coffee and enjoy it in differently way. Almost them like to sit in a street-cafe with a cheap cup of coffee, making cafe by the traditional and simple method, talk each other, read newspapers and look people passing by. There are not many people to spend high price ( around VND 80,000,000 )on drinking a cup of coffee that Hard Rock may serve that average price for its items. One thing, the local peoples taste of coffee and foods in is different. They are drinking stronger taste than the other countries. Robusta coffee in Viet Nam is more popular than Arabica. The type of cafe with live-music is more and more popular in Hanoi and its price is various from low-end to high-end level. With Hard Rocks price set (Hard Rock Ho Chi Minh), it can not only aim to rich people but also change clients mind or their consumption behavior. Local labor will be a issue that Hard Rock need to care about . The labor cost is cheap, but the tendency of labor cost is increasing year by year and local people are not familiar with the high international working intensiveness, style of unique business of Hard Rock cafe and they may not satisfy with standard required. Hard Rock cafà © must train them and change their thinking, all labor need to be trained regularly and intensively. Furthermore, the Vietnamese is too modest, so they may not feel confident to show their thinking, personality as expected by Hard Rock Cafà ©. F-Real estate market The real estate market is rapidly increasing in recent years in whole country , particularly in Hanoi and Hochiminh City, the tendency of market is also increasing of capital investment, sector investment , source investment as well as management investment. The real estate price is too high where is good location (See table 3 below) Table 3 (Rental fee of office and shopping mall of Hanoi) Content 2009 2010 2011 ( forecast) Rental fee ( $/m2/month) Office ($/m2/month) 35.7 34 35 Office growth rate (%) -6% -5% 3% Shopping mall ($/m2/month) 40.1 42.2 45 Shopping mall growth rate(%) -13% 5% 7% Source : CB Richarsd Ellis Viet Nam -December -2010  [v]   These information of the market brings information to Hard Rock if managers want to study and set up its business in Hanoi. They must have a comparable market analysis carefully then making their decision whether Hard Rock cafà © expand its business in Hanoi or not. Vietnam has not developed the information system and its information is some time not unclear, so it is difficult for researchers to collect exactly data for studying all business. In summary, all above information which mention in this topic is only for us to have a look of Hanoi market, that is surely a potential market for doing business, but it is not sure for Hard Rock cafà © or other business to be successful when they set up business in Hanoi. So Hard rock need to analyse many factors and index such as breakeven point, IRR,RCE,ROCEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦inflation, exchange rate, GDP, GDP growth rate.. before they make final decision for expand their business in Hanoi In this topic we only concentrate to analyse the breakeven point and we assume that all data collect from all sources to be accepted Assumption that We will set up Har rock cafà © in Hanoi with capacity as follow: -Area : 400 m2, Labor : 16 persons ( 2 shift/day),Facility investment : 200,000 USD, design and reconstruction:100,000USD, training cost : 30,000USD and other: 16,500 USD, other figure refer Table 1,2,3 above. Option 1 Option 2 Definition Description   Explanation Change rental fee Change cost/unit 50 42.2 35 1.5 1.25 1 Area (400 m2) 400 Labor ( 2 shift)/day total 16 persons, 8persons/shift Non-current asset Design and construction ( 400m2) 250$/m2 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 Total Facility (USD) Full set 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 Training (USD) Full course 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Other ( 5%)(USD) Allowance 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 Total(USD) 346,500 346,500 346,500 346,500 346,500 346,500 Depreciation ( 10 years) Depreciation/month(USD) Straight-line 2,888 2,888 2,888 2,888 2,888 2,888 Fixed cost Rental fee ( 500m2)(USD) Option 1 20,000 16,880 14,000 16,880 16,880 16,880 Labor cost for 16 employees 200$/p/month 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200 power consumption ( lighting.. per /month 500 500 500 500 500 500 Depreciation(USD) per /month 2,888 2,888 2,888 2,888 2,888 2,888 Total fixed cost / month(USD) 26,588 23,468 20,588 23,468 23,468 23,468 Variable cost Raw material ( coffee, ice, sugarà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦)(USD) cost /unit 1 1 1 1 0.75 0.75 Material consumption ( Gas ,tissue (USD) cost /unit 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.25 Total cost /unit(USD) Option 2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.25 1.00 Sale price Sale price/unit(USD) 4 4 4 4 4 4 Breakeven point Breakeven point Total fixed cost + total variable cost= total revenue; X : breakeven point How many units will be sold/month 10,635 9,387 8,235 9,387 8,534 7,823 How many units will be / day 355 313 275 313 284 261 Above analysis just give Hard Rock a data about the breakeven point which depend on the difference level of rental fee and unit cost, they must analysis more other variable. So Hard Rock cafà © should compare with its data of Hard Rock Cafà ©s chain. Hard Rock decision maker will make decision whether they are going to expand their business in Hanoi or not.

The Effect Of Openness To Experience Commerce Essay

The Effect Of Openness To Experience Commerce Essay Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to show a correlation between Openness to Experience and Job Success and test the mediation effect Creativity and Intellect have on this relationship. Design Methodology: An online survey was administered to over 300 people out of whom 166 filled the questionnaire. This survey contained scales of inventories to gauge the Openness to experience, Creativity, Intellect and the Job Success of the respondents. The respondents filled the survey and the results were then analysed using the SPSS software (v.16.0). The correlation between Openness to experience and Job Success was tested along with the mediation effect of Creativity and Intellect. Findings: Creativity and Intellect fully mediated the relationship between Openness to experience and Job Success. Openness to experience and Job success were found to be positively correlated. Research Implications/Limitations: This study shows a correlation between Openness to experience and Job Success. This topic of study can be expanded to show relations between other personality traits and Job Success. Future research can go further and show the differences between the degree of this correlation for several industries and for male and female managers. Practical Implications: The findings of this paper could be used during the recruitment process for companies and during the intake process for business schools. Originality/Value: This paper is one of the first to prove the correlation between Openness to experience and Job Success. The role of creativity and Intellect in this relationship is also explained by this paper which is another first. Keywords: Openness to experience, Intellect, Creativity, Job Success, Human resources Paper Type: Research Paper Introduction Retention of a manager on any job in any sector is largely dependent on that managers success in his job. Job success not only determines the motivation levels of the manager (Winter, 1991) but also has a significant impact on the overall success of the organisation. (Pfeffer and Veiga, 1993) Thus ensuring Job success is critical to Modern Business. Several factors are known to affect Job success and it is important for companies to pick the right factors to measure in order to predict Job success with sufficient accuracy. This paper looks to determine the relationship between Openness to experience and Job success mediated by Creativity and Intellectual ability with a view to provide companies the option of measuring any of these parameters and being able to predict Job success to a reasonable extent. Of all the dimensions of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) model, openness to experience is considered to be the most vast and least understood. Most research has studied this dimension as a part of personality and few have focussed on studying the link between openness to experience alone and job success. This research aims at creating a comprehensive model linking openness to experience and job success with creativity and intellect as mediators, which has not been done in the past. Building on research done on understanding the openness to experience dimension of the FFM and measuring job success of new hires, we will try to understand the relation between them. We will also see the effect of the two mediators, creativity and intellect on this relation. Research objective The objective of this study is two-fold: To check whether the Openness to experience is a valid predictor for Job Success To check if this relationship between Openness to Experience and Job Success is mediated by Creativity and Intellect Research Gap and Hypotheses OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE Despite trait theories being often downplayed, Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality has remained popular. Also called the big five theory, FFM describes personality in 5 broad traits viz. Openness to Experience (O), Conscientiousness(C), Extroversion (E), Agreeableness (A) and Neuroticism (N). McCrae and Costas (1997) asserted that openness to experience is one of the broadest constructs in personality psychology. Openness to experience describes an individuals imaginative capacity, independent thinking, aesthetic sensitivity, intellectual curiosity, preference for variety and attentiveness for inner feelings. A person with a low score in openness is seen to prefer the conventional and routine (Costa McCrae, 1992; McCrae, 1996). JOB SUCCESS Career success has been defined as work related accomplishments that an individual has amassed due to their work experiences (Judge et al, 1995). Researchers have not accepted the popular conception of measuring success only in terms of salary or the position occupied in the organization (Gattiker Larwood, 1986 etc.). In recent times most research on job success has defined it as being composed of two parts, extrinsic success and intrinsic or perceived success. Extrinsic success is measured using observable parameters like salary, job title, and number of promotions (London Stumpf, 1982). The perceived career success is measured using a self appraisal of job performance (Rode et al, 2008). Childs and Klimoski (1986) used 12 career success items like earnings, self assessed success, number of people supervised and perceived peer rating to measure job success. Also, people who primarily measure success in terms of external criteria have said that enjoying their work is important to t hem (Sturges, 1999). OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE AND JOB SUCCESS Openness to experience would contribute to job success in situations where the nature of the job is such that it requires people to be open to new situations and learning (Bing Lounsbury, 2000). In fact, Bing Lounsbury tested openness to experience to job performance in US based Japanese manufacturing companies. The research supported a positive relation between two and the explanation to this could be that the local population had successfully adapted to the traditional Japanese style of working (Bing Lounsbury, 2000). Burke and Witt have shown through their research findings that other personality variables acts as moderators in the openness to experience job performance relationship (Burke Witt, 2002). Research has shown that those who are more open towards the external environment are more adaptable while those who are more open towards the internal environment would be preoccupied with their internal thoughts and hence less aware of the changes in the environment(Griffin Hesketh, 2004). Young graduates from business schools join jobs that require them to be adaptable and learn as quickly as possible. Hence we expect that openness to experience will be positively correlated to job success. There has been limited research studying these parameters in India and a model linking openness to experience, creativity and intellect to job success has not been developed. In particular, the research tries to study these relations in the context of business school graduates in their initial career stages. With management education in India gaining popularity amongst students and professionals, research needs to be done to find out the predictors for job success in this field. The Western ideas of success may not necessarily hold good for India and it is time that studies focussing on India are conducted. Also, it is important to determine how far the parameters used in the selection criteria for admissions or recruitment are predictors of future job success. CREATIVITY AND INTELLECT AS MEDIATORS As stated in the previous section the correlation between Openness to Experience and Job Success is likely but this relationship is not empirically very strong. It is hence likely that these two parameters are mediated by other constructs. We feel that Creativity and Intellect function as mediators for this relationship. CREATIVITY There have been several studies about creativity conducted by several researchers. According to Lubbart (2000-01) creativity stems from a any process which gives rise to a novel, adaptive production. Glover and Gary (1975) assert that creative individuals are said to exhibit high levels of tolerance to uncertainty and to employ unusual problem solving techniques. William Scott (1965) defines creative behaviour as any unusual response or combination of responses which are also uniquely adaptive and which result in products highly valued by society. Creativity is thus characterised by something new or novel about the way things are done or idea that are produced. OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE AND CREATIVITY Barron (1988) described the creative person as possessing alertness to opportunity, keen attention, intuition, a liking for complexity as a challenge to find simplicity, and a drive to find pattern and meaning, Openness to new ways of seeing, independence of judgment that questions assumptions, et al. These qualities find strong parallels in the FFM dimension of Openness to Experience. Research by McCrae and others have demonstrated that, among the five factors of personality, only Openness to Experience correlates significantly and positively with divergent thinking. They have established a positive covariance of openness to experience with artistic interests (Costa, McCrae and Holland, 1984) and liberal values (McCrea and Costa, 1985). Other researches also show strong empirical and conceptual support to uphold the correlation between openness to experience with creativity (Griffin and McDermont, 1998; Leung and Chiu, 2008). People who are high on openness to experience may wider range of experience, and greater appreciation of the merits of novelty and the potential for improving and changing the status quo, than individuals who are low on openness to experience. These qualities together with their greater sensitivity may cause them to come up with novel solutions to problems and creative ideas. In contrast, individuals who are low on openness to experience may find more comfort in the status quo (George and Zhou, 2001). Griffin and Hesketh (2004), stated that the facets of Openness can be broadly sub-divided into openness towards internal and external environment. While Actions, Ideas and Values appear to describe areas external to the person, Fantasy and Feelings describe openness to areas inside the person. Facets of Openness from each of the Openness scales will differ in their ability to predict creativity. The external openness facets are expected to be better predictors of creativity at work than the latter (Pace, 2005). In our study we predict that among participants in the target group, having more openness to experience would be positively correlated with the level of creative potential. CREATIVITY AND JOB SUCCESS There have been several papers which have linked Creativity to Job Success in some way. A research in Pharmaceutical industry by Mats Sundgren and Alexander Styhre (2003) explores creativity as one of the most critical success factors and important assets in an RD specific organisation. Taewon Suh and Hochang Shin (2005) used the relation between creativity and job performance to ascertain the difference between profit and non-profit organisations. Richard Beatty (1974) asserts that Job Performance and Job Success related and that job performance in fact leads to job success. This could be taken as evidence for a linkage between Creativity and Job Success. The linkage between Creativity and Job success has been used by several researchers (such as Caroline Marshall (2000) in varied research projects. The linkage can also be justified by using the assertion of authors Tudor Rickards, Mark A. Runco, Susan Moger that creativity and leadership step from the same roots and that they have a lot in common . Since leadership is known to be a strong contributor to job success (Kowalski and Campbell, 2000), a linkage between Creativity and Job Success can be expected. As an example from the business of sales and marketing, Julie Britt, independent marketing consultant cites several examples how creativity is essential for success in this profession (2008). Several similar examples can be identified in real life like Bradley/Reids resourceful approach to promoting the Seward Sea Life Center discussed by Tracy Barbour (2001). INTELLECT Intellect is derived from the Latin word intellectus meaning discernment, understanding. This concept has been a constant subject of debate (Feuerstein et al., 1980; Spitz, 1986; Taylor and Richards, 1990; Chen-Shyuefee and Michael, 1993). Intellect has been viewed as both a single entity and as a collection of mental abilities (Heraty and Morely, 2000). An early model of intelligence was proposed by Thurstone (1939) who identified a number of primary mental abilities using factor analysis. Subsequently, Guilford (1956: 1959: 1967: 1981) proposed the structure of intellect (SOT). Utilising factor analysis, the model identified and organized intellectual abilities according to the mental processes involved, the kinds of information featured and the particular form that the items of information took. The SOT model consists of five kinds of psychological processes (operations), three types of stimuli (contents) and six forms of products (newly generated information serving as output ari sing from the application of a psychological operation upon given information) (Khattab et al., 1982). OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE AND INTELLECT There are claims that Openness to experience and Intellect are practically the same thing but Robert McCrae (1994) contends that Intellect while, is a major contributing factor to Openness of Experience. Goldberg (1999) examined the correlation between these two factors using the International Personality Item Pool. This analysis revealed that Intellect encompasses traits reflecting intellectual engagement and perceived intelligence whereas Openness encompasses traits reflecting artistic and contemplative qualities related to engagement in sensation and perception, establishing that these two factor as related but separable aspects. Lexical studies also show that there are many other terms that characterise people high in only openness (such as artistic, perceptive), or only intellect (such as intelligent, philosophical) or both (such as imaginative, original) (George Saucier 1992). The relation between intellect and openness has also been asserted by Colin G. DeYoung, Noah A. Shamosh and Adam E. Green, Todd S. Braver and Jeremy R. Gray (2009) who propound that Intellect and Openness to experience are related. Some research (George Saucier 1992) also exists to substantiate the relation by asserting that both openness and intellect are a part of the same factor namely Factor V of the Five factor model of Personality traits. This view has been contended by Paul Trapnell (1994) by asserting that Openness and Intellect are separated by a couple of factors, but the fact that these two are related is undeniable. INTELLECT AND JOB SUCCESS Intellect has been synonymously used with intelligence by researchers across the world. (Heraty and Morely, 2000) Also, research has shown that intelligence is an integral part of mental ability with strong correlations being obtained between these two constructs. (Schweizer and Moosbrugger, 1999) Tracey et al investigated the utility of mental ability and conscientiousness in predicting technical job success and successfully established that mental ability was a better predictor of performance for new managers, whereas conscientiousness was a better predictor of performance for experienced managers using a sample of restaurant workers. Dr. Colonia-Willner, in a landmark study involving 200 high level managers at a bank employing more than 22,000 people demonstrated that a major factor in achieving success in the workplace depends on intelligence (1999). Business schools across the world have been looking to prepare students for the complexities that would befall the students in the business world and their prime focus is on improving the mental abilities; the ability to think. (Lim, 2002) In their paper, Mol et al express astonishment at the lack of importance afforded to intelligence while measuring performance of expatriate managers. They have managed to bring out the relevance of intelligence in selection of managers by means of 30 primary studies. Using these associations between mental ability and job success as established by many a researchers, the link between mental ability and intelligence already established and the fact that intelligence and intellect have been used interchangeably we have conceptualized that intellect could be positively correlated with job success. In conclusion to the above section, we propose the following hypotheses. See Figure 1 for further clarifications. Hypothesis 1: Openness to experience is positively correlated to Job Success Hypothesis 2: Openness to experience is positively correlated to Creativity Hypothesis 3: Creativity is positively correlated to job Success Hypothesis 4: Openness to Experience is positively correlated to Intellect. Hypothesis 5: Intellect is positively correlated to job success. Research Design Sample In this study, we examine measures of openness to experience, creativity, job success and intellect among a sample group of 166 people all with varying periods of work experience in various sectors. Sample Design The design used for this study is snowball sampling. This design was chosen since it is suitable in cases where it may be difficult for researchers to identify participants. The researchers contacted people they knew and these people further referred the questionnaire to their contacts. Administration: The data for the study was collected using an internet survey. An online questionnaire was prepared and administered to participants in the target group. The participants for the study were contacts of the researchers with an MBA and 1-4 years of work experience. These people were asked to share the questionnaire with people who had the same characteristics and they were also included in the study. A question asking people the number of years of their work experience was put in the survey so that those people who had lesser or greater work experience would not be included in the study. This data was collated and used for analysis. Measures The following model summarises what we were testing through this research paper. Creativity Openness to Experience Job Success Intellect Figure 1: Model Operational Definitions Openness to experience: For the purpose of our research openness to experience is the proclivity of an individual to new situations and learning and a greater awareness of his environment. Creativity: We have taken the definition of creativity as a means of producing or thinking something new. The key aspect of creativity is originality. Intellect: For the purpose of our research intellect is defined as that cognitive ability which helps a person analyze complex situations and solve challenging problems. Job Success: We have taken the term Job Success to mean the extent to which a person is able to achieve the intended purpose of the job. Scales The study uses borrowed scales from professional and academic domain. OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE One of the most accepted measure of the FFM dimensions is the Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R:Costa McCrae, 1992). The NEO PI-R measures each dimension with six sub dimensions called the facets. Its sub-dimensions are for openness to experience are Fantasy, Aesthetics, Feelings, Actions, Ideas and Values. McCord designed the M5 questionnaire to assess traits of normal personality based on the facets described by Costa McCrae. M5 is a self report measure that provides scores each facet based on six independent lower level facets. The M5 claims to strong internal reliability and good validity (Proctor McCord, 2009). The study administrates the M5 openness to experience inventory that measures similar facets of the NEO PI-R construct. Table 1 provides descriptions of each of these and the corresponding dimensions from the M5 instrument. (Refer Appendix A for the scale) Table : M5 Instrument Dimensions NEO PI-R Facet M5 Definition of high scorers Fantasy Imagination Have a vivid imagination fantasy life which they believe enhances life Aesthetics Artistic interests Highly esteem and can be moved by art, music, poetry beauty Feelings Emotionality Are receptive to inner feelings, deeply experience emotions see them as important Action Adventurousness Have a willingness to experience new activities, foods, places prefer novelty to routine Ideas Intellect Open-mindedness willingness to consider new ideas pursue intellectual interests Values Liberalism Willingness to re-examine social, political religious values Lack of free available personality inventories is a major constraint for academic research. Cost factors and copyright issues inhibit flexible availability, editing and modifying of the professionally accepted measurement tools. For the purpose of our research we shall use the personality item inventories from the public domain collection of International Personality Item Pool (IPIP, 2001). Lack of free available personality inventories, copy right issues and cost factors have inhibited the usage of professionally accepted measurement tools for the present academic research. For the purpose of our research we shall use the personality item inventories from the public domain collection of International Personality Item Pool (IPIP, 2001) to measure creativity and intellect. IPIP is intended as an international effort to develop and continually refine a set of personality inventories. The scales provided in this collaboratory can be used for both scientific and commercial purposes. The Abridged Big Five Dimensional Circumplex (AB5C) taxonomy of personality traits was developed to integrate the 5-dimensional simple-structure and circumplex models of personality. It consists of the 10 circumplexes formed by pitting each of the Big Five factors against one another. The model maps facets of the Big Five dimensions as blends of 2 factors. CREATIVITY In this study we have used the Abridged Big Five-Dimensional Circumplex(AB5C) propounded by Hofstee, de Raad, Goldberg [1992] for measurement of creativity. The AB5C taxonomy of personality traits was developed to integrate the 5-dimensional simple-structure and circumplex models of personality. It consists of the 10 circumplexes formed by pitting each of the Big Five factors against one another. The model maps facets of the Big Five dimensions as blends of 2 factors. The alpha coefficient of the scale as reported on IPIP website is 0.81 indicating the scale has good reliability and internal consistency. This scale is a five point Likert scale. INTELLECT In this study we have used the Abridged Big Five-Dimensional Circumplex propounded by Hofstee, de Raad, Goldberg [1992] for measurement of intellect. The alpha coefficient of the scale as reported on IPIP website is 0.81 indicating the scale has good reliability and internal consistency. This scale is a five point Likert scale. JOB SUCCESS The study measures job success as perceived by the person. Selected items related to organization success as defined by Gattiker Larwood (1986) will be measured on a five point Likert type scale. The alpha coefficient of the scale specified is 0.75. Analysis The 10 items on the Openness to experience scale (10 point M5 Questionnaire) were summed up to create an aggregate score for Openness to Experience. The 7 items on the Job Success scale created by Gattiker and Larwood were summed up to create an aggregate score for job success. The 10 items on the IPIP (Domain AB5C) Creativity scale were summed up to create an aggregate score for creativity. The 10 items on the IPIP (Domain AB5C) Intellect Scale were summed up to create an aggregate score for intellect. The data was analyzed for the Cronbachs alpha value to determine the reliability of the scales. The data was then analyzed using Multiple Mediation Regression developed by Baron and Kenny (1986) which is a four-step process. This process was performed for both creativity and intellect. First, we performed a regression using openness to experience as the independent variable and job success as the dependent variable. Second, we performed a regression using creativity as the independent variable and job success as the dependent variable. Third, we performed a regression using openness to experience as the independent variable and creativity as the dependent variable. Finally, we performed a regression using openness to experience and creativity as the independent variable and job success as the dependent variable to identify the effect of mediator. The same process was repeated with intellect instead of creativity. Results and Discussion The Cronbachs alpha values are tabulated below: Table : Cronbachs Alpha Values Variable Scale Calculated Cronbachs Alpha Openness to Experience 10 point M5 Questionnaire 0.809 Creativity IPIP (Domain AB5C) Creativity scale 0.774 Intellect IPIP(Domain AB5C) Intellect Scale 0.743 Job Success Gattiker Larwood Scale 0.809 Creativity Openness to Experience Creativity Creativity The results of the regression are tabulated below: 0.386 * 0.595 * Model 1: 0.335* Job Success *Significant at 0.05 level Table : Regression Analysis Results Model 1 Step Regression Variables Coefficients Dependent Variable Independent Variable R2 Unstandardized Beta Std. error Standardized Beta 1 Job success Openness to experience 0.112 0.289 0.063 0.335 2 Creativity Openness to experience 0.354 0.614 0.065 0.595 3 Job success Creativity 0.149 0.322 0.06 0.386 4 Job success Openness to experience Creativity 0.166 0.141 0.241 0.077 0.074 0.164 0.288 In the table, step 1 shows the coefficients for regression analysis with openness to experience as independent variable and job success as the dependent variable. The analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between openness to experience and job success. Also the results show that there is a possibility of mediation. Hence, Hypothesis 1 is supported. Step 2 shows the coefficients for regression analysis with openness to experience as independent variable and creativity as the dependent variable. The analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between openness to experience and creativity. Hence, Hypothesis 2 is supported. Step 3 shows the coefficients for regression analysis with creativity as independent variable and job success as the dependent variable. The analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between creativity and job success. Hence, Hypothesis 3 is supported. Step 4 shows the coefficients for regression analysis with openness to experience and creativity as independent variable and job success as the dependent variable. The regression between openness to experience and job success in step 1 is significant whereas in step 4 is not significant indicating that creativity fully mediates the relationship between openness to experience and job success. The mediation effect was tested using an online Sobel Calculator and was found to be statistically significant (Mediated effect = 0.171, Sobel Test Statistic Z-Score = 4.666, p Step Regression Variables Coefficients Dependent Variable Independent Variable R2 Unstandardized Beta Std. error Standardized Beta 1 Job success Openness to experience 0.112 0.289 0.063 0.335 2 Intellect Openness to experience 0.364 0.540 0.056 0.604 3 Job success Intellect 0.158 0.383 0.069 0.397 4 Job success Openness to experience Intellect 0.172 0.130 0.296 0.077 0.086 0.150 0.307 Model 2: 0.397* 0.604* Intellect Openness to Experience Openness to Experience Job Success Intellect 0.335* *Significant at 0.05 level Table 4: Regression Analysis Results Model 2 In the table, step 1 shows the coefficients for regression analysis with openness to experience as independent variable and job success as the dependent variable. The analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between openness to experience and job success. Also the results show that there is a possibility of mediation. Hence, Hypothesis 1 is supported. Step 2 shows the coefficients for regression analysis with openness to experience as independent variable and intellect as the dependent variable. The analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between openness to experience and intellect. Hence, Hypothesis 4 is supported. Step 3 shows the coefficients for regression analysis with intellect as independent variable and job success as the dependent variable. The analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between intellect and job success. Hence, Hypothesis 5 is supported. Step 4 shows the coefficients for regression analysis with openness to experience and intellect as independent variable and job success as the dependent variable. The regression between openness to experience and job success in step 1 is significant whereas in step 7 is not significant indicating that intellect fully mediates the relationship between openness to experience and job success. The mediation effect was tested using an online Sobel Calculator and was found to be statistically significant (Mediated effect = 0.185, Sobel Test Statistic Z-Score = 4.811, p Implications The study shows that Openness to Experience is fully mediated by both, Creativity and Intellect in relation to job success. Thus we can

Graduation Speech: Be Proud of Your Accomplishments :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

So many of us have come to ZAHS as a last resort, not fitting in at other schools or we were feeling that regular school wasn't working for us. We have found MAHS is somewhere we wished we had found in the first place. It is a place where you do fit in because people who originally didn't have anything in common share this one place. It is our home away from home. It brings all of us together with all of our diversities to be welcomed and accepted. Our love and belief in our school continues to show time after time whether it is a fund raiser, our test scores, or even when students return who once gave up on finishing school. When I first came to MAHS I was pretty nervous and overwhelmed with my life. I was a new mother at a new school around new people with so many new responsibilities. At that time I didn't realize how overwhelmed I was until I burst into tears on my first day. From that day on I found great friends and teachers who have loved me and supported me every day. This school has made me realize my potential in life. Graduating for me is a great but unsure feeling; but I know everyone here has a great future ahead of them. If we lose our way, we'll just come back - TEACHERS, COUNT ON IT. I have some mainly good memories of our school. Like, I will always remember all of our daycare madness, all of Larry's announcements that never seemed to come out quite right. All of Mr. Lewis' large-group math trivia assignments that I could never quite figure out. I can't imagine why NOT. I'll remember all of the guys who, no matter what time of the day, always found time to be outside playing basketball. I will remember our FCCLA trip to Wenatchee where we stayed in an under-construction hotel with a dirt swimming pool! It was alternative, but so were we. We learned to be proud of our uniqueness and our achievements.

Explication of William Blakes A Poison Tree Essay -- Poison Tree Essa

Explication of William Blake's A Poison Tree    William Blake's "A Poison Tree" (1794) stands as one of his most intriguing poems, memorable for its vengeful feel and sinister act of deceit. This poem appears in his famous work Songs of Innocence and Experience: Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul (1794), placed significantly in the "Songs of Experience" section. As with many of his poems, Blake wants to impart a moral lesson here, pointing of course to the experience we gain in our human existence at the cost of our innocence. With this poem, he suggests that holding a grudge (suppressed anger left unchecked) can be fatal to the self as well as the object of wrath. Through images, punctuation, and word choice, Blake warns that remaining silent about our anger only hinders personal and spiritual growth, making us bitter, and that a grudge left unchecked becomes dangerous, even murderous. In the first stanza, Blake comments on the need to confront a problem if peace and happiness are to prevail. When the speaker "tells" his wrath, it "ends," but when he "tells it not," his anger "grows." Like an apple seed falling onto fertile soil, the speaker's repressed anger germinates and becomes the one obsession in his life. In the first couplet, Blake conveys the image of a plant being uprooted, nipping in the bud (as it were) a misunderstanding between the speaker and his friend. In sharp contrast, the speaker holds back from admitting anger to his foe in the following couplet, allowing it to fester within. With simple language, Blake neatly establishes the root of the poem, ending this first stanza with the foreshadowing "grow" (4). The second stanza depicts the speaker's treatment and nur... ...ional anger. The speaker realizes he is morally wrong, but gets so caught up in the moment and the seeming brilliance of his scheme that cannot stop himself from seeing it through. Unchecked anger drives the speaker to commit this murderous act, anger he cannot or refuses to acknowledge from the start of the poem. The mortal sin of murder will forever stain his hands - he cannot go on with living unless he suppresses the event, as he did his wrath. "A Poison Tree" suggests to me a prisoner's confession without actually naming or describing the crime itself. The speaker takes the time to brag about how he implemented his plan, without admitting his crime. Thus this poem's impact lies in the dangers that can arise from allowing one's anger to grow unchecked and take over our minds, hearts, and souls, like a wild plant in the garden of our experience.

Conforming to Societys Norms Essay -- Ethics Norms Mores Essays

Conforming to Society's Norms In today's day and age contemporary society's are built upon the thought of citizen conformity to a prescribed set of values and norms to. This idea of complies to social standards makes one think as to how these norms of fact society as a whole and an individual. The main driving component which draws people too conformity are the desire to be excepted in certain status groups. People fear that if they do not conformity is norms that they will be breaking the social contract therefore been shunned by society at not being able to achieve their personal goals. Further analysis of these forces for conformity in contemporary society it will be shown that these forces produced negative ethical conduct and hinder the foundation of justice that the political system of Canada is based upon. Conformity in society is what individual takes upon the beliefs and ways of life is another group or from someone in charge. " Conformity includes a strong component of intolerance of nonconformity, necessarily entails an unwillingness to commit other people to deviate from pads of established belief." Conformity is not necessarily imply that one is in agreement with the set of norms but that the norms are merely abided by for various reasons that will be discussed. Social class hold significant impact on a person's behavior as a prescribed one's conditions in life. Social class, in contemporary society, the first to the amount of education of person has been subject to as well as their occupational position. The class hierarchy of suggest that decisions and actions of members of higher class will have an impact on society and have consequences, whereas a believe exist at the lower classes are at the ... ...portunities and political representation. Patronage projects these principles by creating a realm of preferential treatment and representation of a politicians personal needs instead of the needs of the country. As shown, various forces of conformity and exist in modern society's the conflicting nature of these forces create difficulties in establishing when conformity is necessary what exactly conformity is. Forces of compliance, such as the class structure, group pressure, the idea of a social contract, achievement of societal and personal goals, the interdependent nature of society, and the fear of punishment create inequality in society and continue to into her overtime the strength of the sources of conformity ultimately produced negative ethical conduct, inequality, and disrupt the foundation of justice that the Canadian political system is based upon.

Bottled Water Essay

A couple of decades ago, people turn to the tap for drinking water. Now, most people, both young and old, drink water from bottles. In fact, the demand for bottled water is so great that it has become a multimillion-peso business in the country today. Why is there a substantial growth in the demand for bottled water? The main reason is the increasing health consciousness of the people. Many people prefer bottled water because they question the cleanliness of tap water. The quality of tap water has been decreasing. To be safe, people choose bottled water to avoid drinking water that may be contaminated with harmful microorganisms. Contaminated water can cause diarrhea and other stomach disorders that kill, like dysentery, gastroenteritis, amoebiasis, cholera, and hepatitis. Mostly, the bottled water that you buy is either mineral water or purified water. Water plants use surface water or ground water as the main raw material. These plants are located in places far from cities and industrial centers to avoid contamination. MINERAL WATER Mineral water comes from mineral springs. It normally contains a high content of mineral salts or gases, and which consequently may have an action on the human body different from that of ordinary water. Mineral waters are usually classified as alkaline, saline, chalybeate (iron-containing), sulfurous, acidulous, and arsenical. Mineral springs are generated deep underground, where, under intense heat and pressure, calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, and other minerals are leached from the surrounding rocks. Mineral water is also called aerated water. (The term â€Å"aerated† means charged with gas.) The most common gases that are in mineral water are carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. GUIDELINES FOR BOTTLED MINERAL WATERS There are strict rules for water to be labeled as mineral water. Genuine mineral water should contain the right percentage of such minerals as manganese, chromium, selenium, zinc, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and other minerals. In California, United States, to be labeled â€Å"mineral water,† the water must contain 550 parts per million (ppm) of total dissolved solids (TDS). In Europe, mineral water must meet several criteria. One is that the water must flow freely from its source, meaning it may not be pumped or forced from the ground, and the water must be bottled directly at its source. Furthermore, the water’s properties, such as its temperature, mineral balance, and pressure have not varied in ten years. Some better known brands of mineral water in Europe include Evian and Ferrier of France, Ferarrele of Italy, and Apollinaris of Germany. All these conatin 330, 560, 1,400, and 2,250 ppm of TDS, respectively. MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF MINERAL WATER It has long been believed that mineral springs possess great curative powers. In fact, people have used mineral water since ancient times to cure such ailments as rheumatism, skin infections, and poor digestion. Also, many effervescing waters (impregnated with carbon dioxide gas) are used as table beverages and to dilute spirits or wines. Because of the springs’ medicinal effects, medicinal spas have been built around mineral springs. These spas are frequented by people who are hoping that the spring’s waters will relieve them of their ailments, such as gout, liver trouble, indigestion, and rheumatism. DISTILLED WATER Water that is treated by the process of distillation forms distilled water. This substance is purer than the original water because salt and other impurities do not evaporate with the water. Distillation is the principal method for purifying water. In this process, the water is vaporized into steam, the steam is condensed back into liquid water, and the water is collected in a separate container, leaving behind the impurities. Other methods of water purification include chlorine treatment, ozone treatment, ultraviolet decontamination, and oxidation-reduction media. Also, one method of water purification is with the use of iodinated resin. Iodinated resin can destroy even the smallest viruses through electrostatic attraction. Negatively charged contaminants are drawn to the positively charged resin. This ensures contact, no matter how small the microorganisms that might otherwise escape if filters are used. Upon contact, the resin releases sufficient iodine to penetrate and kill the microorganisms. PRODUCING SAFE, PURE WATER One of the most effective methods of producing safe, pure water consists of a three-step process. The first step is the use of sediment filters to remove large particles. The sediment filter acts to screen out suspended matter and can also remove many harmful bacteria and protozoa that may be present in the water. The second step is to purify the water through the use of iodinated resin. This devitalizes even the smallest harmful microorganisms within the water. Biological contaminants could also be removed by exposure to ultraviolet light, killing the microorganisms that may still be in the water. The third step is the use of carbon filters to remove taste- and odor-causing contaminants. The filter’s activated carbon and its ion exchange resin remove unwanted ions and molecules from water, leaving those that make water  pleasant to drink. The activated carbon also initiates a chemical reaction that converts free chlorine, which water utilities put in water to kill germs, into chloride and hydrogen ions, which are safe and taste all right. Other systems in bottling water consist of several steps that utilize both purification and filtration processes. In some systems, water is passed through as many as 16 stages in the whole process. Water is an all-important substance that sustains life here on earth. However, safe, pure water is becoming a rare commodity everywhere. Bottled water, whether mineral or distilled, offers safe drinking water for all of us.